The skin condition can also be called PUPPS or PEP. It normally occurs in a pregnant person’s first pregnancy during the third trimester (with an average onset of 35 weeks). PUPPS also common in parents-to-be who are carrying multiples. Thankfully, PUPPP does not usually affect subsequent pregnancies. Learn more about treating a PUPPP or PUPPS rash during pregnancy.
Appearance of PUPPP
The rash of PUPPP almost always begins in the stretch marks (striae) of the abdomen. It does not involve the belly button, which is how doctors are able to distinguish the symptoms from other common rashes of pregnancy. The rash consists of small, red, itchy bumps in the stretch marks that grow together to form larger wheals on the abdomen. Sometimes the rash can include small vesicles (clear, fluid-filled bumps). Over a period of several days, the rash can spread over the thighs, buttocks, breasts, and arms. The rash is pruritic (an unpleasant sensation of the skin that gives you the urge to scratch it), hence its name. It lasts an average of 6 weeks and resolves by itself 1 to 2 weeks after delivery. The most severe itching normally lasts for no more than 1 week.
Causes
The cause of PUPPP is unknown. It is not associated with preeclampsia, autoimmune disorders, hormonal abnormalities, or fetal abnormalities. Although higher levels of the male fetal DNA can be found in skin biopsies of the rash. Pregnancies with increased maternal weight are also associated with PUPPP, causing some researchers to suggest that the rapid abdominal wall growth and stretching damages connective tissue, causing an inflammatory response.
Diagnosis
There are no laboratory tests that detect PUPPP, so the diagnosis of PUPPP is clinical, meaning it is based solely on the appearance of the rash. Skin biopsies are not generally performed unless there is a question about the diagnosis.
Treatment for PUPPP
The treatment of PUPPP is symptomatic. This means that medication is given to relieve the rash and reduce itching, including the following.
High-strength steroid creams: Ointments may be prescribed to relieve itching and prevent the spread of the rash.Lower-strength steroid creams: Once the rash is under control, changing to a lower-strength steroid that’s used less frequently is advisable.Oral antihistamines: Atarax, Benadryl, and Zyrtec are generally less effective for itching than steroids but may be useful at night to help with sleep.Oral steroids: Generally avoided during pregnancy, oral steroids may be necessary to control itching for extremely severe cases. Your doctor may also consider inducing labor (if you are close to your delivery date and the itching is extreme) instead of starting you on a dose of oral steroids.
A Word From Verywell
Keep this in mind: While it’s frustrating and uncomfortable, PUPPP does clear up within a couple of weeks after delivery. It also poses no long-term harm to you or your baby.
